Shining Lights: Magic Lanterns and the Missionary Movement, 1839—1868

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Lanterns, Slides, and Other Optical Devices

Carpenter & Westley. Kings of England Set. circa 1830, Trevor Beattie Collection, England.  
 
---. Omar mosque day and night. circa 1860, collection of La Cinémathèque française. Photograph by Stéphane Dabrowski. http://www.nomadexhibitions.com/blog/2016/4/22/object-of-the-month-april.
 
---. Scriptural Set. circa 1850, Borgo Ton Living Collection, United States.
 
---. Scriptural Set. circa 1850, Willem A. Wagenaars’ Christiaan Huygens Theater Collection, Netherlands. Photographs by Annet Duller.  
 
---. Scriptural Set. circa 1850, Trevor Beattie Collection, England. 
 
Chapman, Katie and Tassie Gnaidy. 3D Model of Improved Phantasmagoria Lantern. 2018, created via photogrammetry.  
 
J. Ottway & Son, Triunial magic lantern. 1891. Museums Victoria Collection. Photograph by Jon Augier. https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/items/401027.
 
Manufacturer unknown. Comic magic lantern slipper slides. circa 1860, a gift from Terry and Debbie Borton, Borgo Ton Living Collection, United States. 
 
---. Improved phantasmagoria lantern. circa 1852, formerly in the care of Richard Crangle, Borgo Ton Living Collection, United States. 
 
---. Improved phantasmagoria lantern. circa 1850. Bill Douglas and Peter Jewell Collection, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum, University of Exeter, Exeter, item 69004. http://www.bdcmuseum.org.uk/explore/item/69004/.
 
---. Lecturer’s lantern. circa 1890. Bill Douglas and Peter Jewell Collection, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, item 69017. http://www.bdcmuseum.org.uk/explore/item/69017/.
 
---. Magic lantern slide switching plate. Unknown date of manufacture. Bill Douglas and Peter Jewell Collection, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, item 64103. http://www.bdcmuseum.org.uk/explore/item/64103/.
 
---. Magic lantern slide of a conjuror. Science Museum Group Collection, England. As seen in Toni Booth, “Magic and Early British Cinema,” Science Media Museum blog, 13 February 2019. https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/magic-early-british-cinema/.
 
--. Mechanical lever slide of a wood chopper as seen in the wooden frame. National Film and Sound Archive, Canberra, Australia. https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/magic-glass.
 
---. Zoetrope. Unknown date of manufacture. Bill Douglas and Peter Jewell Collection, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, item 69009. https://www.bdcmuseum.org.uk/explore/item/69009/.
 
Newton & Co. Improved phantasmagoria lantern. Bill Douglas and Peter Jewell Collection, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum, University of Exeter, Exeter, Enlgand, item 69005. http://www.bdcmuseum.org.uk/explore/item/69005/.
 
W. Butcher & Sons. Triunial magic lantern. 1880. Kodak Collection, National Media Museum, Bradford, England. Object number 1990-5036/8601. https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8210198/tri-unial-magic-lantern-magic-lantern.
 

Manuscript Material

Addis, William. Letter to Arthur Tidman. 7 February 1848. CWM/LMS/10/02/04/032, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies Library, University of London, London, England. 30 June 2016.
 
---. Letter to Arthur Tidman. 6 December 1848. CMS/LMS/10/02/04/032, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies Library, University of London, London, England. 30 June 2016.
 
Baines, Thomas. Storekeeper’s Notebook. Photocopy at the Brenthurst Library. MS 029. Johannesburgh, South Africa. Cited in James R. Ryan's Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualization of the British Empire. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1997.
 
Crowther, Dandeson. Letter to Henry Venn. 6 September 1866. CMS/B/OMS/C A3/O13/1, Church Missionary Society Archive. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 10 May 2017.
 
---. Letter to Henry Venn. 8 November 1866. CMS/B/OMS/C A3/O13 3, Church Missionary Society Archive. University of Birmingham Special Collections. Birmingham, England. 10 May 2017.
 
---. Letter to Henry Venn. 15 February 1868. CMS/B/OMS/C A3/O13 4, Church Missionary Society Archive. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 10 May 2017. 
 
Crowther, Samuel. Letter to Henry Venn. 27 February 1867. CMS/B/OMS/C A3/O4 226, Church Missionary Society Archive. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 10 May 2017.
 
Livingstone, David. Field Diary I. 4 August 1865-31 March 1866. 1123, David Livingstone Birthplace Museum, Blantyre, Scotland. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?query=liv_000001&view_pid=liv%3A000001.
 
---. Field Diary VII. 26 December 1866-1 March 1867. 1128, David Livingstone Birthplace Museum, Blantyre, Scotland. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://www.livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?query=moamba&sort=desc&limit=transcriptions&view_pid=liv%3A000007&view_page=0.
 
---. Field Notes. 1853-1856. Acc. 10472169. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 
---. Journal, 9 June- 10 November 1853. LI 1/4/2, National Archives, Harare, Zimbabwe. Copy in the National Library of Scotland, MS. 10780, Edinburgh, Scotland. Quoted in Livingstone’s Private Journals. Edited by Isaac Schapera, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1960. pp. 273-274.
 
---. Journal, 11 November 1853-26 May 1856. H.F. Wilson Collection, St. Fillans, Scotland. Copy at the National Library of Scotland, MS. 10775, Edinburgh, Scotland. Quoted in Livingstone’s Private Journals. Edited by Isaac Schapera, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1960. p. 290.
 
---. Journal, 11 November 1853-26 May 1856. H.F. Wilson Collection, St. Fillans, Scotland. Copy at the National Library of Scotland, MS. 10775, Edinburgh, Scotland. Quoted in Livingstone’s African Journal 1853-1856. Edited by Isaac Schapera, London, Chatto & Windus, 1963.
 
---. Letter to James Young. 26 January 1866. Private collection. Quoted in William Garden Blakie’s The Personal Life of David Livingstone, chiefly from his unpublished journals and correspondence in the possession of his family. London, John Murray, 1880. pp. 366-367. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=5ksNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
---. Letter to Robert Moffat 1. 22 September 1845. CWM/LMS/Africa/Odds - Livingstone, Box 4-08, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, England. Quoted in David Livingstone Family Letters 1841-1856. Edited by Isaac Schapera, London, Chatto & Windus, 1959. p. 149. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://www.livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?f%5B%5D=addressee_ms%3A%22Moffat%2C+Robert+1%2C+1795-1883%22&view_pid=liv%3A000594&view_page=0.
 
---. Letter to Robert Moffat 1. 22 September 1845. CWM/LMS/Africa/Odds - Livingstone, Box 4-16, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, England. Quoted in David Livingstone Family Letters 1841-1856. Edited by Isaac Schapera, vol. 1, London, Chatto & Windus, 1959. p. 220. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://www.livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?f%5B%5D=addressee_ms%3A%22Moffat%2C+Robert+1%2C+1795-1883%22&view_pid=liv%3A000643&view_page=0.
 
---. Letter to Robert Moffat 1. [March 1848?], 23 March [1848]. CWM/LMS/Africa/Odds - Livingstone, Box 4, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, England. Quoted in David Livingstone Family Letters 1841-1856. Edited by Isaac Schapera, vol. 1, London, Chatto & Windus, 1959. p. 240. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://www.livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?f%5B%5D=addressee_ms%3A%22Moffat%2C+Robert+1%2C+1795-1883%22&view_pid=liv%3A000649&view_page=0.
 
---. Letter to Robert Moffat 1. 18 January 1849. CWM/LMS/Africa/Odds - Livingstone, Box 4-21, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies Library, University of London, London, England. Quoted in David Livingstone Family Letters 1841-1856. Edited by Isaac Schapera, vol. 1, London, Chatto & Windus, 1959. pp. 7-8. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://www.livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?f%5B%5D=addressee_ms%3A%22Moffat%2C+Robert+1%2C+1795-1883%22&view_pid=liv%3A000665&view_page=0.
 
---. Letter to Roderick I. Murchison, 24 December 1854. pp. 6-7. Archives, DL 2/6/3. Royal Geographical Society, London, England. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?query=liv_000835&view_pid=liv%3A000835.
 
---. Letter to William Thompson. 13 September 1855. CWM/LMS/Livingstone Wooden Box, item 88. School of Oriental and African Studies Library, London, England. Accessible via Livingstone Online, https://www.livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/catalogue?query=liv_000867&view_pid=liv%3A000867.
 
---. Missionary Travels Manuscript. 1857. Justin D. Livingstone and Adrian S. Wisnicki, dirs. Livingstone Online. Adrian S. Wisnicki and Megan Ward, dirs. 2019. Web. http://livingstoneonline.org/uuid/node/271675c1-0287-4676-a1df-2d260da91176
 
---. Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1841-1856. Edited by Isaac Schapera, Oakland, University of California Press, 1961.
 
Nichol, George. Letter to the CMS Secretary. 10 April 1877. CMS C A1/O 164 51, Church Missionary Society Archives. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 3 May 2017.
 
“Payments out of the Subscriptions and Donations for Special Purposes, 31st July 1839-31st July 1840.” Accounts of the India Mission Committee (after 1846, Foreign Mission Committee), 1839-48; of the Bombay mission, 1838-48; and of the Calcutta Mission, 1839-48; and lists of collections for and donations to foreign missions, 1839-1848. MS. 7620, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. 24 May 2016.
 
Smithurst, John. Letter to Daniel Coats, Esq. 29 December 1845. CMS/B/OMS/C C1 063/30, Church Missionary Society Archives, University of Birmingham Special Collections. 9 June 2016.
 
---. Reverend Smithurst, Letter to Daniel Coats, Esq. 18 November 1846. CMS/B/OMS/C C1 063, Church Missionary Society Archives. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 9 June 2016.
 
---. Letter to Rev. Henry Venn. 28 November 1850. CMS/B/OMS/C C1 063/65, Church Missionary Society Archives. University of Birmingham Special Collections. 9 June 2016.
 
Stackhouse, Alfred. Letter to Henry Venn. circa 1860. CMS/G/AC 16/183, Church Missionary Society Archives. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 8 June 2016.
 
The Good Friday story: in the words of the holy scripture for lantern reading. Item no. 36794, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum. University of Exeter, Exeter, England. 15 January 2018. 
 
Townsend, Henry. Letter to Henry Venn, 18 October 1858. CMS/B/OMS/C A2/085, Church Missionary Society Archives. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. Quoted in J. F. Ade Ajayi’s Christian Missions in Nigeria, 1841-1891: the Making of a New Élite. London, Longmans, 1965.
 
Tyerman, Daniel and George Bennet. “Extracts from Letter of the Deputation dated Sydney, 12th November. (Continued from p. 304).” The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 3, no. 8, August 1825. p. 346.
 
Williams, John. Letter to Samuel Williams, 7 February 1839. CWM/LMS/Personal Papers/ South Seas Personal/Box 2, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies Library, University of London, London, England. 30 June 2016.
 
---. The Samoan Journals of John Williams 1830 and 1832. Edited by Richard M. Moyle. Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1984.
 

Paintings, Photographs, Illustrations, and Maps

Anelay, Henry. The Reverend John Williams on Board Ship with Native Implements in the South Sea Islands. Watercolor, [1838?]. PIC Drawer 6291 #T2931 NK187, National Library of Australia, Canberra, Australia. Accessible via Trove, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135593501/view.
 
Arrowsmith, John. Detailed Map of the Revd. Dr. Livingstone’s Route Across Africa, Constructed from his Astronomical Observations, Bearings, Estimated Distances, Sketches, 1857. Published with Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa; Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years’ Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, down the River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean, John Murray, London, 1857. Reprinted by Harper & Brothers, New York, 1858. 
 
Bureau of Visual Instruction. 20 July 1938. P0030827, Indiana University Archives, Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Accessible via Archives Photograph Collection, http://purl.dlib.indiana.edu/iudl/archives/photos/P0030827.
 
Crowther, Dandeson. Watercolor sketches. CMS/B/OMS/C A3 O4 248-249, Church Missionary Society Archive. University of Birmingham Special Collections, Birmingham, England. 10 May 2017.
 
Cruikshank, Isaac Robert. “Act 1, Scene 2.” Engraved by G.W. Bonner, &c. Published in Edward Fitzball’s The Flying Dutchman, or the Phantom Ship: A Nautical Drama, in Three Acts. Accessible via Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/flyingdutchmanor0000fitz_o0y4/page/n4. 
 
Directorate of Military Survey, Great Britain. Tactical pilotage chart, TPC. N-4A, Angola, Mozambique, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Denver, USGS Branch of Distribution, 1992.
 
---. Tactical pilotage chart, TPC. N-4d, Angola, Mozambique, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Denver, USGS Branch of Distribution, 1992.
 
Elliot & Fry. Photograph of Robert Moffat. Published in John S. Moffat’s The lives of Robert and Mary Moffat. New York, Armstrong & Son, 1885. Accessible via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Moffat.jpg. 
 
“Juju house or chapel at Bonny.” Illustrated London News, 29 November 1873. Accessible via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ju-ju_house.png. 
 
Silvy, Camille. Portrait of Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1792-1871), Geologist. Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington, DC, United States. Accessible via Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/25053835@N03/2551840318.
 
T. & R. Annan & Sons. Photograph of James Young, the Scottish chemist. 1906. Frontispiece for John Ferguson’s Bibliotheca Chemica (Volume 2), Glasgow, James Maclehose and Sons, 1906. Accessible via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_James_chemist.jpg.
 
Wyld, James. South Africa: Compiled for the Revd. R. Moffat’s Work, London, John Snow, 1842. Accessible via the African Heritage Center, http://www.ahcscotland.co.uk/?incsub_wiki=robert-moffat
 

Published Primary Sources

A Guide to the Livingstone Centenary Exhibition, Opened March 18, 1913. Edinburgh, Morrison & Gibb Limited, 1913. David Livingstone Birthplace Museum, Blantyre, Scotland, 18 May 2016.
 
“Advertisement,” Graham’s Town Journal, July 1, 1848, p. 1. Available via Readex: World Newspaper Archive, https://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/HistArchive/?p_product=WHNPX&p_theme=ahnp&p_nbid=Q67B57FNMTU2OTQ0MTQ2OC45NDUyMjU6MToxMjoxMjkuNzkuMzguNzQ&p_action=doc&p_queryname=4&d_viewref=browse&d_article_id=&d_db=&d_pbi=12C1055575ABA790&d_issue_id=12C1A4D227A619C8.  
 
Baines, Thomas. Exploration in South-West Africa, being an account of a journey in the years 1861 and 1862 from Walvisch Bay, on the Western Coast, to Lake Ngami and the Victoria Falls. London, Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, 1864. Accessible via Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/explorationsinso00bain/page/n6.
 
---. The Gold Regions of South Eastern Africa. London, Edward Stanford, 1877. Accessible via Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/goldregionssout02baingoog/page/n7. 
 
Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Balopticons and Accessories: Apparatus for Every Known Form of Optical Projection Including Most Complete and Diversified Methods for Scientific Demonstration. Rochester, Baush & Lomb Optical Co., 1917. Accessible via Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/BauschLombProjectionApparatusImages/page/n1.
 
Blakie, William Garden. The Personal Life of David Livingstone, chiefly from his unpublished journals and correspondence in the possession of his family. London, John Murray, 1880. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=5ksNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
“Brief memoir of the late Thomas Walker, Esq.” The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 17, no. 2, February 1839. pp. 53-55. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=CPYDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
Carpenter & Westley. A Companion to the Improved Phantasmagoria Lantern, containing a list of the subjects to which is added a description of the lantern and copper-plate sliders with the method of exhibiting the dissolving views, with plates. London, Carpenter & Westley, 1850. General Reference Collection 8715.aa.50. British Library, London, England. Photographed 26 June 2018 by Kalani Craig.
 
---. Elements of zoology: being a concise account of the animal kingdom according to the system of Linnaeus. London, Carpenter & Westley, 1823. Item no. 42984, Bill Douglas Cinema Museum. University of Exeter, Exeter, England. 15 January 2018.
 
Census Returns of England and Wales, 1861, Kew, 1861. Available via Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc=Jju7&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&qh=irr2%2B5H/6ZNtWBSmB5DcBA%3D%3D&gss=angs-g&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=anne&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Lanfear&gsln_x=0&msypn__ftp=Kew,%20Surrey,%20England&msypn=1677589&msydy=1861&catbucket=rstp&MSAV=1&uidh=qit&msypn__ftp_x=1&msypn_x=PCO&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=6282974&dbid=8767&indiv=1&ml_rpos=2
 
Crook, William Pascoe. An Account of the Marquesas Islands, 1797-1799. Papeete, Tahiti, Haere Po, 2007.
 
David Livingstone: the Story of His Life and Travels. London, T. Nelson, 1888. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz5FAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
Dickens, Charles. A Christmas Carol. 1843. The Christmas Books: Volume One. Michael Slater, editor. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd., 1971.
 
Negretti & Zambra. Directions for the Use of the Magic Lantern, Dissolving View Apparatus, and Oxy-Hydrogen Microscope. London, Negretti & Zambra, 1865. Available via Google Books,  https://books.google.com/books?id=pb1bAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
 
“Dr. Livingstone and his Missionary Travels,” The Juvenile Missionary Magazine, vol. 15, no. 174, March 1858, p. 62. Available via 19th Century UK Periodicals, http://find.gale.com/ukpc/infomark.do?sort=DateAscend&docType=LTO&docLevel=FASCIMILE&tabID=T012&searchId=R1&callistoContentSet=NCUP&searchType=BasicSearchForm&type=multipage&currentPosition=6&version=1.0&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&contentSet=LTO&prodId=NCUK&qrySerId=Locale(en,,):FQE=(tx,None,42)Dr. Livingstone and his Missionary Travels:And:LQE=(MB,None,16)NCUK-1 OR NCUK-2$&userGroupName=iuclassb&docPage=article&docId=CC1903067368&source=gale.
 
“Effects of a magic lantern,” Juvenile Missionary Magazine, vol. 7, no. 1, 1851, accessed via Archive.org. p. 12. https://archive.org/details/juvenilemission06socigoog/page/n24
 
Farmer, Sarah Stock. Tonga and the Friendly Islands; with a sketch of their mission history. Written for young people. London, Hamilton, Adams, & Co., 1855. Accessible via Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/tongafriendlyisl00farm/page/n6. 
 
“French Toys," The Australian, 4 August 1837. Accessible via Trove, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/36855562.
 
“General Chronicle.” The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 21, no. 3, 1843. pp. 189-192. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=sS4EAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
 
The Holy Bible: King James Version. Accessible via Blue Letter Bible, https://www.blueletterbible.org/. 
 
Horne, Silvester. Livingstone. New York, Macmillan, 1913. Available via Hathi Trust,  https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008731430. 
 
“Illustrated Views.” Church Missionary Gleaner, issue 105, vol. 9, September 1883. p. 112. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1882_09. 
 
“Incidents and Sketches of Dr. Livingstone’s African Travels,” The Juvenile Companion and Sunday School Hive, March 1858, p. 62. Available via 19th Century UK Periodicals, http://find.gale.com/ukpc/infomark.do?sort=DateAscend&docType=LTO&docLevel=FASCIMILE&tabID=T012&searchId=R4&callistoContentSet=NCUP&searchType=BasicSearchForm&type=multipage&currentPosition=1&version=1.0&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&contentSet=LTO&prodId=NCUK&qrySerId=Locale(en,,):FQE=(ke,None,22)Incidents and Sketches:And:LQE=(MB,None,16)NCUK-1 OR NCUK-2$&userGroupName=iuclassb&docPage=article&docId=DX1901236699&source=gale.
 
Jewett, S. A. W. Livingstone in Africa: His Explorations and Missionary Labors. Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 1869. Available via Hathi Trust, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011207721
 
“Lagos,” A Quarterly Token for Weekly, Monthly, and Juvenile Subscribers, no. 45, April 1867, pp. 4-6. Accessible via Google Books,  https://books.google.com/books?id=UyoEAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
 
Lawes, W. G. W.G. Lawes Report from Savage Island, 1864. Printed in the Juvenile Missionary Magazine. vol. 21, no. 1, January 1865, pp. 14-19. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=r2oEAAAAQAAJ&dq=editions%3AabbfgRnnWYoC&pg=RA1-PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
Livingstone, David. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa; Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years’ Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, down the River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean. London, John Murray, 1857. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=rOFOAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
Livingstone, David and Charles Livingstone. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries, and of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa 1858-64. London, John Murray, 1865. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=AZ1RAAAAcAAJ&dq=narrative%20of%20an%20expedition%20to%20the%20zambesi%20and%20its%20tributaries&pg=PA296#v=onepage&q&f=false
 
Livingstone Memorial: Guide to the Scottish National Memorial to David Livingstone at His Birthplace. Sixth edition, Hamilton Advertiser, n.d. (post-1929). David Livingstone Birthplace Museum, Blantyre, Scotland. 18 May 2016.
 
Lovett, Richard. The History of the London Missionary Society, 1795-1895. London, Henry Frowde, 1899.
 
Macnair, James I. The Story of the Scottish National Memorial to David Livingstone. Second edition, Hamilton, The Hamilton Advisor Limited, 1968, copy at the David Livingstone Birthplace Museum, Blantyre, Scotland. 18 May 2016.
 
Matthews, Basil. Livingstone, the Pathfinder. New York, Missionary Education Movement of the United States and Canada, 1912. Available via Hathi Trust, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011207719
 
“Melancholy Death of the Rev. John Williams.” The Bengal Hurkaru, Kolkata, India, 2 February 1840, p. 4. Microfiche copy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, FILM 079.54147 C144b.
 
Mill, Hugh Robert. The Record of the Royal Geographical Society 1830-1930. London, Royal Geographical Society, 1930. Quoted in James Ryan’s Picturing Empire, p. 193.
 
“Missionary Contributions.” The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 13, no. 11, November 1835, pp. 483. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=bsgoAAAAYAAJ&dq=evangelical+magazine+and+missionary+chronicle+November+1835&source=gbs_navlinks_s. 
 
Missionary Leaves, vol. 1, no. 1, June 1868. General Reference Collection PP.917 NO. 1, British Library, London, England. 18 May 2017.
 
“Mournful Death of John Williams.” The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, vol. 18, no. 5, May 1840, p. 246. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=yNBGAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
 
“Mountain District,” Church Missionary Record, vol. 24, issue 4, April 1853, p. 84. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_CMS_Record_1852-1853_16.
 
Murray, Archibald. Forty Years’ Mission Work in Polynesia and New Guinea, from 1835 to 1875. New York, Robert Carter & Bros, 1876. Quoted in “The Great Samoan Awakening of 1839.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 70, no. 3, 1961, pp. 326–337. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20703912. 
 
“New Zealand,” Church Missionary Record, vol. 28, issue 1, January 1857, p. 4. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_CMS_Record_1857_01.
 
“Niger Mission,” Church Missionary Record, vol. 13, no. 3, March 1866, pp. 78. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_CMS_Record_1868_03.
 
“North-West-America Mission,” Church Missionary Record, vol. 16, issue 12, December 1845, p. 292. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_CMS_Record_1844-1845_24.
 
O le tusi paia, o le feagaiga tuai ma le feagaiga fou. The Bible in Samoan. Wellington, British and Foreign Bible Society, 1887. Accessible via Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/oletusipaiaolefe00bibl/page/n939
 
“On Sale, at the WAREHOUSE of the undersigned.” The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. 6 May 1834. Available via Trove, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2216075.
 
Padwick, Constance. “Children and Missionary Societies in Great Britain,” International Review of Missions, no. 6, 1917, pp. 561-575. Quoted in Terry Barringer’s “What Mrs. Jellyby Might Have Read Missionary Periodicals: A Neglected Source,” p. 49.
 
Page, Jesse. The Black Bishop, Samuel Adjai Crowther. New York, Fleming H. Revell, 1909. Available via Hathi Trust, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007706519. 
 
---. Samuel Crowther: the slave boy who became bishop of the Niger.  New York, Fleming H. Revell, 1888. Available via Hathi Trust, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005148369. 
 
Prout, Ebenezer. Memoirs of the life of the Rev. John Williams, missionary to Polynesia. Second edition. London, John Snow, 1843. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=mMINAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
 
Row, William. Historie of the Kirk of Scotland, 1646. Reprinted for the Maitland Club, 1842. Available via Hathi Trust, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001661467.
 
“Ship News.” The Australian. 3 December 1839. Sydney, Australia. p 2-3. Accessible via Trove. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/36861725
 
“Ship News.” The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 3 December 1839, p. 3. Accessible via Trove, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/36861725. 
 
“Ship News.” The Sydney Herald, 2 December 1839, p. 3. Accessible via Trove, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/12863171. 
 
Sibree, James. A Register of Missionaries, Deputations, Etc. from 1796 to 1923. London, London Missionary Society, 1923. Accessible via Missiology.org, https://missiology.org.uk/pdf/e-books/sibree_james/register-of-lms-missionaries_sibree.pdf. 
 
“Tasmania, or Good News from a Distant Land,” The Church Missionary Gleaner, vol. 8, issue 5, May 1858, p. 49. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1858_05.
 
Te epistole a Paula, i to Galatia; kiritiia ei tuatua rarotonga. John Williams and Charles Pitman, translators. Huahine, Charles Barff, 1828. X PL6421.B5, Bancroft Library. University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California. Pictured in Food for the Flames, p. 26. 
 
Te Korero-motu ou a to tatou atu e te ora a Jesu Mesia: kiritiia i te reo Rarotonga. Lonedona: I neneiia no te. John Williams, Charles Pitman and Aaron Buzacott, translators. An 1841 reprint of the 1836 edition. CWML F171 EB84.542 /73479, Council for World Mission Archive. School of Oriental and African Studies Library, University of London, London, England. 
 
 “The Missionary Cat,” The Juvenile Missionary Magazine, vol. 23, no. 11, November 1866, p. 135. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=r2oEAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22the%20missionary%20cat%22&pg=RA3-PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false
 
“The Missionary Williams.” The Colonist, 4 December 1839, p. 2. Accessible via Trove, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/31724147.
 
Timmins, Samuel. The Resources, Products and Industrial History of Birmingham. London, Hardwicke, 1866. Quoted in Talbot, p. 17. 
 
“To be sold." The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 11 March 1834. Accessible via Trove, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2215608. 
 
“West Africa Mission,” Church Missionary Record, vol. 2, no. 2, February 1857, p. 41. Available through Adam Matthew: Church Missionary Society Periodicals, http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_CMS_Record_1857_02. 
 
Williams, John. A narrative of missionary enterprises in the South Sea Islands; with remarks upon the natural history of the islands, origin, languages, traditions and usages of the inhabitants. Sixth thousand. London, John Snow, 1837. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=5sEQAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
Vason, George. An Authentic Narrative of Four Years Residence in Tongataboo, one of the Friendly Islands, in the South Sea. Edited by Rev. S. Piggot. London, Longman & Co., 1810. Accessible via Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=V7oQAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
 
von Kotzebue, Otto. A New Voyage Around the World in the Years 1823, 24, 25, and 26. London, Colburn and Bentley, 1830, vol. II, pp. 258-9. Quoted in Literary Culture and the Pacific: nineteenth-century textual encounters, p. 59.
 

Critical Context

Monographs and Articles

Ajayi, J. F. Ade. A Patriot to the Core: Bishop Ajai Crowther. Ibadan, Spectrum Books Limited, 2001.
 
---. Christian Missions in Nigeria, 1841-1891: the Making of a New Élite. London, Longmans, 1965.
 
Akamisoko, Duke. Samuel Ajayi Crowther in the Lokoja Area. Ibadan, Sefer Books LTD, 2002. (2002)
 
Appadurai, Arjun. “Mediants, Materiality, Normativity”. Public Culture, vol. 27, no. 2, issue 76, 1 May 2015, pp. 221–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2841832. 
 
Altholz, Josef L. The Religious Press In Britain, 1760-1900, New York, Greenwood Press, 1989.
 
Barringer, Terry. “What Mrs. Jellyby Might Have Read Missionary Periodicals: A Neglected Source.” Victorian Periodicals Review, vol. 37, no. 4, Winter 2004, pp. 46-74. Available via JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20084029.
 
Baudry, Jean-Louis, “Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematic Apparatus.” Film Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 2, 1974, pp. 39–47. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1211632. 
 
---. “The Apparatus: Metapsychological Approaches to the Impression of Reality in Cinema.” Narrative, Apparatus, Ideology: A Film Theory Reader. Edited by Philip Rosen. New York, Columbia University Press, 1986. pp. 299-318. 
 
Beattie, Trevor. “Carpenter and Westley: their history and artistry”. The new magic lantern journal, vol. 11, no. 4, March 2013, pp.6-10. Reproduced by courtesy of the Magic Lantern Society, www.magiclantern.org.uk.
 
Bennett, Tony. The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. London, Routledge, 1995. 
 
Bolter, Jay David and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1999. 
 
Borgo Ton, Mary. “Reverend Smithurst’s Wishlist.” The Magic Lantern. Journal for the Magic Lantern Society of the UK, no. 15, Fall 2018, p 8.
 
Bridges, Roy C. “Nineteenth-century East African Travel Records with an Appendix on ‘Armchair Geographers’ and Cartography,” Paideuma, vol. 33, 1987, pp. 179–196. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41409914.
 
Calder, Alex. “The Temptations of William Pascoe Crook: An Experience of Cultural Difference in the Marquesas, 1797-1798.” The Journal of Pacific History, vol. 31, no. 2, 1996, pp. 144–161. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25169297.
 
Castle, Terry. “Phantasmagoria: Spectral Technology and the Metaphorics of Modern Reverie.” Critical Inquiry, vol. 15, no. 1, Autumn 1988. pp. 26-61. 
 
Ceram, C.W. Archaeology of the Cinema. San Diego, California: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1965.
 
Colley, Ann C. Robert Louis Stevenson and the Colonial Imagination. Hampshire, Ashgate, 2004.
 
David Livingstone and the Victorian Visual Encounter with Africa. Edited by Joanna Skipwith and John M. Mackezie. Edinburgh, National Portrait Gallery, 1996.
 
Decorvet, Jeanne. Samuel Ajayi Crowther, un père de l'Eglise en Afrique noire. Paris, Le Cerf, 1992. 
 
David Livingstone and the Victorian Encounter with Africa. Edited by John M. MacKenzie. London, National Portrait Gallery, 1996.
 
Daws, Alan Gavan. “The Great Samoan Awakening of 1839.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 70, no. 3, 1961, pp. 326–337. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20703912.
 
Delmot, Matthew F. The Nicest Kids in Town. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2012.
 
Doanne, Mary Ann. “The Voice in the Cinema: The Articulation of Body and Space.” Film Theory and Criticism. 5th ed. Edited by Leo Braudy and Marhsall Cohen. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999. pp. 363-375.
 
Elleray, Michelle. “Crossing the Beach: A Victorian Tale Adrift in the Pacific.” Victorian Studies, vol. 47, no. 2, 2005, pp. 164–173. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3829847.
 
Encyclopedia of the Lantern. Edited by David Robinson, Stephen Herbert and Richard Crangle. London, Magic Lantern Society, 2001.
 
Flexner, James L.  “Erromango: Archaeology and the Martyr Isle.” An Archaeology of Early Christianity in Vanuatu: Kastom and Religious Change on Tanna and Erromango, 1839–1920, by James L. Flexner, vol. 44, ANU Press, Australia, 2016, pp. 17–58. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1q1crx5.10.
 
Flint, Eric. Sir George Goldie and the Making of Nigeria. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1960.
 
---. “Trade and Politics in Barotseland During the Kololo Period,” Journal for African History, vol. 10, no. 1, 1970. Available via JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/180217. 
 
Fabian, Johannes. “Carisma, Cannabis, and Crossing Africa,” Out of their Minds. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2000.
 
Ganter, Granville. “Mistress of Her Art: Anne Laura Clarke, Traveling Lecturer of the 1820s”. The New England Quarterly, 87:4 (December 2014) DOI: 10.1162/TNEQ_a_00418
 
Gunson, Niel. “Williams, John (1796–1839).” Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, 1967. Accessible via Australian Dictionary of Biography Online, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-john-2793/text3981.
 
Hall, Catherine. Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination 1830-1867. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2002.
 
Harvey, David. “Stability of cannabinoids in dried samples of cannabis dating from around 1896-1905,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 117-28. Accessible via Research Gate, DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(90)90068-5.
 
Heard, Mervyn. Phantasmagoria: The Secret Life of the Magic Lantern. Hastings, The Projection Box, 2006. Print. 
 
Huhtamo, Erkki. “Elements of Screenology: Toward an Archaeology of the Screen,” ICONICS: International Studies of the Modern Image, vol. 7, 2004, pp. 31-82. 
 
---. “Screen Tests: Why Do We Need an Archaeology of the Screen?” Cinema Journal, vol 51, no. 2, 2012, pp. 144–148.
 
---. “The Four Practices?: Challenges for an Archaeology of the Screen.” Screens. Edited by Dominique Chateau and José Moure, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2016, pp. 116–124. 
 
Humphries, Steve. “Missions and the Magic Lantern.” International Bulletin of Mission Research. 1 January 1997, pp.13-15.
 
---. Victorian Britain Through the Magic Lantern. London, Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd, 1989. 
 
Isiche, Elizabeth. A History of African Societies to 1870. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 
---. A History of Christianity in Africa from Antiquity to Present. Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1995.
 
Kennedy, Dane. “Nineteenth-century East African Travel Records with an Appendix on ‘Armchair Geographers’ and Cartography,” Paideuma, vol. 33, 1987, pp. 179–196. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41409914. 
 
Jeal, Tim. Livingstone: Revised and Expanded Edition. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2013.
 
Jones, David J. Sexuality and the Gothic magic lantern: Desire, eroticism and literary visibilities from Byron to Bram Stoker. Basingstroke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 
 
Joy, W. “Walker, Thomas (1804–1886).” Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, 1967. Accessible via Australian Dictionary of Biography Online, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/walker-thomas-1101/text3929.
 
July, Robert W. Precolonial Africa: An Economic and Social History. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1975.
 
Kochhar, Rajesh. “Hindoo College Calcutta Revisited: Its Pre-History and the Role of Rammhun Roy,” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 72, 2011. pp. 841–862. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44146776.
 
Lange, Raeburn. Island Ministers: Indigenous Leadership in Nineteenth-Century Pacific Islands Christianity. Christchurch and Canberra, Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies and Pandanus Books, 2005.
 
Liesegang, Franz Paul. Zahlen und Quellen: zur Geschichte der Projektionskunst und
Kinematographie. Berlin, Deuches Druck- und Verlagshaus, 1926. Edited and Translated by Hermann Hecht. Dates and Sources: A Contribution to the History of the Art of Projection and to
Cinematography. London, The Magic Lantern Society of Great Britain, 1986. 
 
Livingstone, Justin D. “A romance of slavery: exploration, encounters and cartographies of violence in H. M. Stanley’s My Kalulu.” Studies in Travel Writing, vol. 21, no. 4, August 2017, pp. 349-368, DOI: 10.1080/13645145.2017.1406904
 
---. Livingstone’s ‘Lives’: a metabiography of a Victorian icon. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2014.
 
---. “Travels in Fiction: Baker, Stanley, Cameron and the Adventure of African Exploration”, Journal of Victorian Culture, August 2017. DOI: 10.1080/13555502.2017.1356586
 
Keane, Webb. Christian Moderns: Freedom & Fetish in the Mission Encounter. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2007.
 
King, David Shaw. Food for the Flames: Idols and Missionaries in Central Polynesia. San Francisco, Beak Press, 2011.
 
McKenzie, P. R. Inter-religious encounters in West Africa. Leicester, University of Religion, 1976. 
 
Manonni, Laurent. Le Grand Art de la lumière et de l’ombre. Paris, Nathan Université. Translated by Richard Crangle. The Great Art of Light and Shadow: Archaeology of the Cinema. Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2000.  
 
Marsh, Joss. “Dickensian ‘Dissolving Views”: The Magic Lantern, Visual Story-Telling, and the Victorian Technological Imagination.” Comparative Critical Studies, vol. 6, no. 3, 2009, pp.  333-346. 
 
Mazzarella, William. “Culture, Globalization, Mediation.” Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 33, 2004, pp. 345–367. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25064857.
 
Morris, Donald R. The Washing of the Spears: the rise and fall of the Zulu Nation. Boston, Da Capo Press, 1992.
 
Multimedia Histories: From the Magic Lantern to the Internet. Edited by James Lyons and John Plunkett. Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2007. 
 
Parikka, Jussi. What is Media Archaeology? London, Polity Press, 2012. 
 
Prochaska, F. K. “Little Vessels: Children in the Nineteenth-Century English Missionary Movement,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, vol. 6, issue 2, January 1978, p. 107.
 
Rere, Taira. History of the Papehia Family. Suva, Lotu Pasifika Productions, 1977.
 
Rism, Roopika. New Digital Worlds: Postcolonial Digital Humanities in Theory, Praxis, and Pedagogy. Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 2019.
 
Roberts, Philip. “Philip Carpenter and the convergence of science and entertainment in the early nineteenth century instrument trade.” Sound and Vision, Spring 2017. DOI: 10.15180; 170707
 
Ryan, James. Picturing Empire: Photography and the visualization of the British Empire. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1997.
 
Sadour, Georges. Histoire générale du cinéma, volume 1. Paris, Denoël, 1948.
 
Seton, Rosemary. “Reconstructing the museum of the London Missionary Society.” Material Religion. vol. 8, issue 1, 2015 pp. 98-102.
 
---. Western Daughters in Eastern Lands: British Missionary Women in Asia. Santa Barbara, Praeger, 2013. 
 
Servants of Light: the Book of the Lantern. Edited by Dennis Crompton, Richard Franklin and Stephen Herbert. London, Magic Lantern Society, 1997. 
 
Silver, Sean. The Mind is a Collection. Philadelphia, UPenn Press, 2016. 
 
Smith, Vanessa.Literary Culture and the Pacific: nineteenth-century textual encounters. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
 
Sousanis, Nick. Unflattening. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2015.
 
Talbot, Stuart. “The Perfectionist Projectionist: Philip Carpenter, 24 Regent Street, London.” Bullettin of the Scientific Instrument Society, no. 88, 2006. 
 
Taylor, Diana. The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas. Durham, Duke University Press, 2003.
 
The Covenant Makers: Islander Missionaries in the Pacific. Edited by Doug Munro and Andrew Tornley. Suva, Pacific Theological College and the Institute of Pacific Studies at the University of the South Pacific, 1996.
 
The Lantern Image: Iconography of the Magic Lantern. Supplement no. 1. Compiled by David Robinson. London, Magic Lantern Society, 1997. 
 
The Lantern Image: Iconography of the Magic Lantern. Supplement no. 2. Compiled by David Robinson. London, Magic Lantern Society, 2009. 
 
Thomas, Chris J. “Clothed in tattoos: cultural fluidity in George Vason's Authentic Narrative of Four Years' Residence at Tongataboo.” Studies in Travel Writing, vol. 19, no. 2, 2015. pp. 109-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2015.1076239
 
Thompson, T. Jack. “David Livingstone’s Magic Lantern, United Kingdom.” Trophies, Relics, and Curios? Missionary Heritage from Africa and the Pacific. Edited by Karen Jacobs, Chantal Knowles, and Chris Wingfield. Sidestone Press, 2015. pp. 95-97.
 
---. Light on Darkness?: Missionary Photography of Africa in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 2012. 
 
Thorne, Susan. Congregational Missions and the Making of an Imperial Culture in Nineteenth-Century England. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1999.
 
Thun, Rudolph. Entwicklung der Kinotechnik. Berlin, G. m. b. H., 1936.
 
Vogl-Bienek, Ludwig. Lichtspiele im Schatten der Armut: Historiche Projektionskunst und Soziale Frage. Frankfurt, Stroemfeld, 2016.
 
von Zglinicki, Friedrich Pruss. Der Weg des Films. Berlin, Rembrandt-Verl, 1956.
 
Warner, Marina. Phantasmagoria: Spirit Visions, Metaphors, and Media into the Twenty-first Century. New York, Oxford University Press, 2006. 
 
Wingfield, Chris. “‘Scarcely more than a Christian trophy case’? The global collections of the London Missionary Society Museum (1814—1910)” Journal of the History of Collections, vol. 29 no. 1, 2017. pp. 109-128.
 
Wisnicki, Adrian. “Interstitial Cartographer: David Livingstone and the Invention of South Central Africa.” Victorian Literature and Culture, vol. 37, no. 1, 2009, pp. 255–271. Available via JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40347223. 
 
Zielinski, Siegfried. Deep Time of the Media: Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Means (MIT: 2006)
 

Dissertations & Theses

 
Carson, A.D. Owning My Masters. 2017. Clemson University, Ph.D. Dissertation. Accessible via https://phd.aydeethegreat.com/.
 
Dixon, Dwayne.Endless Question: Youth Becomings and the Anti-Crisis of Kids in Global Japan. 2014. Duke University, Ph.D. Dissertation. Accessible via  http://scalar.usc.edu/students/endlessquestion/index.  
 
Hall, S.A. ‘Property to seek lost souls’? The ‘social lives’ of contributions made in the South Pacific in the mid-nineteenth century and their representation in missionary publications. 2016. Utrecht University, Masters thesis. Accessible via Utrecht University Repository, https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/338940.
 
Sharpe, Celeste Tường Vy. They Need You! Disability, Visual Culture, and the Poster Child, 1945-1980. 2016. George Mason University, Ph.D. Dissertation. 
 
Sousanis, Nick. Unflattening. 2014. Teachers College, Columbia University, Ph.D. Dissertation.
 
Visconti, Amanda. “How can you love a work if you don’t know it?”: Critical Code and Design Toward Participatory Digital Editions.” 2015. University of Maryland, Ph.D. Dissertation. 
 
Williams, Anna. My Gothic Dissertation. 2019. University of Iowa, Ph.D. Dissertation. Accessible via https://www.annawilliamsweb.com/my-gothic-dissertation.html. 
 

Videos, Film, and Performances

 
Alder Planetarium. “Planetary Machines Exhibition Animation - Lantern Slide Solar System.” YouTube, uploaded by Alder Planetarium, 14 June 2013, https://youtu.be/DvSyXKCT1Nk. 
 
Bill Douglas Cinema Museum. “Object Stories: Magic Lantern Shows at the Fin-de-Siècle.” YouTube, uploaded by BDC Museum, 13 August 2015, https://youtu.be/PqvIofBsQRU. 
 
BFI. “Charles Dickens and the Magic Lantern.” YouTube, uploaded by BFI, 15 December 2011, 
https://youtu.be/omuDMHj0TZY. 
 
Borgo Ton, Mary. “Carpenter & Westley New Testament Sliders with Flasher.” YouTube, uploaded by Mary BT, 17 December 2018, https://youtu.be/dso4Pf3cJkc. 
 
---. “Carpenter & Westley New Testament Sliders without Flasher.” YouTube, uploaded by Mary BT, 14 May 2019, https://youtu.be/jnj99WyyX9Q. 
 
---. “Magic lantern comic slide.” YouTube, uploaded by Mary BT, 20 July 2019, https://youtu.be/l7EUvHQI2NI. 
 
---. “Magic Lantern Slide of the Butcher.” YouTube, uploaded by Mary BT, 20 July 2019, https://youtu.be/b1iLfVxlrKk. 
 
---. “Magic Lantern Slide of the Boar and the Butcher.” YouTube, uploaded by Mary BT, 20 July 2019, https://youtu.be/jccRXoqALY0. 
 
---. “Single Image Lantern Slide Effect.” YouTube, uploaded by Mary BT, 26 June 2019, https://youtu.be/2ST0fI3-uZk. 
 
“Erewhon.” By Arthur Meek, directed by Nicholas Bone and Geoff Pinfield, performance by Arthur Meek, music by Eva Prowse, slides by Sharon Murdoch and Emiy Taylor, Magnetic North Theatre Company, Edinburgh Fringe Festival, 15 August 2018. 
 
“Erewhon Revisited.” By Arthur Meek, directed by Nicholas Bone, performance by Arthur Meek, music by Eva Prowse, slides by Sharon Murdoch and Emiy Taylor, Magnetic North Theatre Company, Christchurch Arts Festival, The Arts Centre Te Matatiki Toi Ora, 8 November 2017. 
 
“Magic Lanterns - Resuscitation of a Lost 17th Century Visual Art.” YouTube, uploaded by Frenchfilmrichmond, 21 February 2017, https://youtu.be/t74_ZB4lIpc.
 
“Magic Lantern kaleidoscope Optical Toy.” YouTube, uploaded by Bygone Photo Store, 11 March 2017, https://youtu.be/O_N0rKxjwLo.
 
“MAMS EP 1 001 Magic Lanterns.” YouTube, uploaded by ProfBowen, 16 March 2011, https://youtu.be/Y59QgDRc_94. 
 
Meek, Arthur and Eva Prowse. “Erewhon Revisited - FULL SHOW OFFICIAL.” YouTube, uploaded by Arthur Meek, 8 November 2017, https://youtu.be/Its0WuFubbU. 
 
---. “Erewhon Revisited Live from Caveat, NYC.” Facebook, live streamed by Arthur Meek, 13 October 2018, https://www.facebook.com/arthur.meek/videos/1919861748049668/. 
 
---. “Erewhon Revisited Live from Edinburgh Fringe Festival.” Facebook, live streamed by Arthur Meek, 15 August 2018, https://www.facebook.com/arthur.meek/videos/1839498742752636/.
 
Moana. Directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, performances by Auliʻi Cravalho, Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger, Alan Tudyk, music by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, Walt Disney Studios, 2016.
 
Morbid Anatomy Museum. “Phantasmagoria : The Dark Side of the Light.” YouTube, uploaded by Morbid Anatomy Museum Presents, 1 March 2015, https://youtu.be/c526W9YONdQ.
 
“Prisoner of Azkaban - Page 394, Severus Snape (HQ).” YouTube, uploaded by Xxtayce, 19 October 2012, https://youtu.be/PnOyBLT07R8. 
 
Tarzan. Directed by Kevin Lima and Chris Buck, performances by Tony Goldwyn, Minnie Driver, Glenn Close, Alex D. Linz, Rosie O'Donnell, Brian Blessed, Nigel Hawthorne, Lance Henriksen, Wayne Knight, and Taylor Dempsey, music by Phil Collins, Walt Disney Studios, 1999. 
 
Tron Legacy. Directed by Joseph Kosinski, performances by Jeff Bridges, Garrett Hedlund, Olivia Wilde, Bruce Boxleitner, James Frain, Beau Garrett, Michael Sheen, music by Daft Punk, Walt Disney Studios, 2010. 
 
Walt Disney Studios. “Tarzan - Strangers Like Me (Bluray 1080p).” YouTube, uploaded by JackBauer137, 21 January 2015, https://youtu.be/FAT0KpN9y_Q. 
 

Websites, Digital Collections, and Born-Digital Sources

 
American Historical Association. “Guidelines for the Professional Evaluation of Digital Scholarship by Historians.” American Historical Association, February 2016. 
 
ArcGIS Story Maps. Esri, 2019. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/.
 
Archive Hub. Jisc, 2019. https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/. 
 
Bill Douglas Cinema Museum Collections Online. Bill Douglas Cinema Museum, Exeter, England, 2019. https://www.bdcmuseum.org.uk/explore/. 
 
Catalog for the David Livingstone Center, Blantyre, Scotland. Excel File, 18 May 2016.
 
Church Missionary Society Periodicals. Adam Matthew Digital, 2019. http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk. 
 
De Lukerwaal. Henc R.A. de Roo, 2019. https://luikerwaal.com/.
 
Delmont, Matthew. A Digital Companion to The Nicest Kids in Town. University of California Press, 2017. http://nicestkids.com/nehvectors/nicest-kids/index. 
 
Department of History and Art History. “Digital Dissertation Guidelines.” George Mason University, 2015. https://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/graduate/phd-history/digital-dissertation-guidelines. 
 
Hamey, Baldwin. “Hawkes, Moseley and sons, military warehouse.” London Street Views, 02 December 2014, https://londonstreetviews.wordpress.com/2014/12/02/hawkes-moseley-and-sons-military-warehouse.
 
Google Books. Google, 2019. https://books.google.com/. 
 
Google My Maps. Google, 2019. https://www.google.com/maps 
 
HathiTrust Digital Library. 2019, https://www.hathitrust.org.  
 
Historic Environment Image Resource. University of Oxford, 2019. http://heir.arch.ox.ac.uk/ 
 
Illustrated Bamforth Slide Catalogue. The Magic Lantern Society, 2009. CD ROM.
 
International Missionary Photography Archive. USC Digital Library, 2019. http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15799coll123 
 
Internet Archive. Internet Archive, 2019. https://archive.org.  
 
Livingstone Online. Adrian S. Wisnicki and Megan Ward, dirs. University of Maryland Libraries, 2019. http://livingstoneonline.org/. 
 
Liebhaber, Samuel. When Melodies Gather: Oral Art of the Mahra. Stanford University Press, 2018. https://www.whenmelodiesgather.org/ 
 
Lucerna- the Magic Lantern Web Resource. University of Exeter, 2019. lucerna.exeter.ac.uk. 
 
Modern Language Association. “Guidelines for Evaluating Work in Digital Humanities and Digital Media.” Modern Language Association, 2012. https://www.mla.org/About-Us/Governance/Committees/Committee-Listings/Professional-Issues/Committee-on-Information-Technology/Guidelines-for-Evaluating-Work-in-Digital-Humanities-and-Digital-Media. 
 
NYPL Map Warper. New York Public Library, 2012. http://maps.nypl.org/warper/. 
 
Science Museum Group Collections Online, the Science Museum, Science and Industry Museum, National Science and Media Museum, National Railway Museum and Locomotion, 2019. https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/.
 
Silver, Sean. The Mind is a Collection: a Born-Digital Museum. Penn, 2015. http://www.mindisacollection.org/.
 
Sketchfab. Sketchfab, 2019. https://sketchfab.com/. 
 
The British Museum Collection Online, the British Museum, London, England, 2019. https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx
 
Victorian Women Writers Project. Digital Collections Services, Indiana University, 2019. https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/welcome.do. 
 
Waterloo Dictionary of English Newspapers and Periodicals: 1800-1900. North Waterloo Academic Press, 2009. http://www.victorianperiodicals.com. 
 
Wikimedia Commons. A Wikimedia Project, 2019. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page.  
 
Youtube. Youtube, 2019. https://www.youtube.com. 
 

Keynotes and Conference Presentations

Borgo Ton, Mary. "The Magic Lantern Introduces Us to New Friends": Exploring a Million Pictures Data.” DAH Capstone Project Poster, Institute for Digital Arts and Humanities Spring Symposium, Bloomington, Indiana, 13 April 2018. Accessible via IU Scholarworks, https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/22492. 
 
---. “‘Coffee’ and Other Coding Challenges: Lessons Learned through David Livingstone’s Manuscripts in South Africa (1843-1872).” Poster presentation. Text Encoding Initiative Annual Conference, Tokyo, Japan. September 2018. 
 
---. “Social Lights: Mapping Magic Lantern Shows and Local Performance Practices.” Panel on the digital spatial turn. North American Victorian Studies Association, Phoenix, AZ, November 2016.
 
Schnapp, Jeffrey. “Knowledge Design,” Keynote Lecture for (Digital) Humanities Revisited – Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Age, December 5 – 7, 2013, remediates as a PDF by VolkswagenStiftung as part of the Herrenhausen Lectures series. Accessible via jeffresnap.com.
 
Vogl-Bienek, Ludwig. “Body and Screen: Corporeality in Live Performances of the Historic Art of Projection.” Domitor. Stockholm, Sweden. 2016.
 
Willis, Artemis. “Anatomy of a Lantern Gag,” Viscera, Skin, and Physical Form: Corporeality and Early Cinema, 14th International Domitor Conference, 14 June 2016, Stockholm, Sweden.